Lower Limb — General

1.A 50 year old traffic police man came to a surgeon with a complaint of swollen vessels in the leg which appears prominent on standing for long periods. On examination it was found to be superficial veins of lower limb involved  What is the name of this condition and which are the vessels involved.  What is the test performed in this condition  Describe the origin course and termination of these vessels  What is the communication between superficial and deep veins and their role in venous drainage of lower limb

2.A 20-year-old male had applied for selection into defence academy in India. His application was rejected during physical examination on the grounds of Bilateral Flat Foot.

• a) What is the anatomical basis of flat foot.
• b) Classify arches of foot.
• c) What are the components and features of each type of arches of foot.
• d) What are the factors that maintain the arches of foot

3.A middle aged male patient complained of low back pain radiating to leg on right side and numbness and weakness in various parts of leg and foot. The condition was diagnosed as sciatica. With your knowledge of anatomy answer the following questions  Describe the root value, formation and course of sciatic nerve  Name the functional groups of muscles innervated by this nerve and its branches at various levels.  Name the cutaneous branches of this nerve at various levels along its course

4.A 30-years old man was brought to the casualty following a road traffic accident. On examination, his right lower limb was shorted, flexed and internally rotated. X-ray of his right hip showed posterior displacement of head of femur. Following surgical correction of dislocation of hip, the patient was not able to dorsiflex his right foot. Based on your knowledge in anatomy answer the following questions. ● Injury to which nerve in posterior dislocation of hip, can produce inability to dorsiflex the foot. ●Briefly describe the articular surfaces, capsule and ligaments, blood supply and nerve supply of the hip joint. ● Name the muscles acting at the hip joint and mention the appropriate movements produced by them ● Mention the anatomical features render this joint prone to dislocation. (1+ 4 ½ +2 ½ +2=10)

1.Anatomical basis of varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis in lower limbs.

2.Extensor retinaculum of lower limb

1.Clinical importance of venous drainage of lower limb

2.Anatomical basis of foot drop

3.Structures passing beneath the extensor retinaculum of the foot

4.Anatomical basis of dilated veins of lower limb

1.Transverse section through middle of leg

2.Cross section at middle of leg. Name the following