Lungs & Pleura

1.A 66 year old man with a smoking history of one pack per day for the past 47 years presents with history of progressive shortness of breath and chronic cough, production of yellowish sputum for past 2 years. On examination, he has moderate respiratory distress and pursed lip breathing. He has a barrel chest and his neck veins are dilated. Lung examination reveals poor air entry bilaterally with moderate inspiratory and expiratory wheeze. Heart and abdominal examination are within normal limits. A chest X-ray was taken and a provisional diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease was made.

• a) Explain the relations of apex of lungs
• b) Enumerate the divisions and cells of Tracheo Bronchial tree
• c) Describe bronchopulmonary segment
• d) Briefly describe the histology of lung

2.A Patient was brought with a history of difficulty in breathing and breathlessness to a clinic. On auscultation crepts were noted on both sides of the chest. Name the organs involved.

• a) Name the organ involved
• b) Write on external features of the organ and its coverings
• c)
• d) Write on the differences between right and left side of the organ Write a note on bronchial tree and bronchopulmonary segments

3.A 52 year old man presented with shortness of breath and coughing up small volumes of blood. Clinical examination revealed multiple dilated veins around the neck. A chest x- ray demonstrated a tumor mass involving the upper part of right lung and elevated right dome of diaphragm. Based on your anatomical knowledge answer the following questions. ● Compression of which structure in the chest by the tumor is responsible for dilated veins around the neck. ● Mention the extent and relation in the mediastinum ● Briefly describe the other structures related to the mediastinal surface of the right lung. ● Injury to which structure is responsible for elevated diaphragm on the right side ● Briefly describe the broncho-pulmonary segments of lungs and its applied importance

1.Pleura and pleural recesses

2.Broncho pulmonary segments

3.Medial surface of left lung

4.Explain the subdivisions, innervation and recesses of pleura

5.Briefly describe bronchopulmonary segment. Name the bronchopulmonary segments in each lung. Write about their surgical importance

6.Describe the recesses of pleura and their clinical significance

7.Broncho pulmonary segments of left lung

8.Pleura- parts, innervations and applied anatomy

1.Draw a neat labelled diagram of mediastinal surface of right lung

2.Bronchopulmonary segments of Right lung

3.Parietal pleura

4.Pleura

5.Mechanics and types of respiration

6.Define broncho-pulmonary segment and mention its clinical importance

1.Draw a neat labelled diagram of mediastinal surface of the left lung Name the following

2.Contents of hilum of left lung

3.Structures passing through Hilum of left lung

4.Showing visceral relations of mediastinal surface of right lung

1.Assertion: Aspirated foreign bodies are lodged in the right principal bronchus.

• Reason: The right principal bronchus is shorter, wider and in line with the trachea
• a) Both A and R are true, and R is the reason for A
• b) Both A and R are true, and R is not the reason for A
• c) A is correct but R is incorrect
• d) A is incorrect but R is correct

2.Which of the following pleura forms the pulmonary ligament

• a) Visceral
• b) Costal
• c) Diaphragmatic
• d) Mediastinal