Mediastinum & Great Vessels

1.Describe mediastinum under the following heading • Boundaries • Divisions • Contents • Clinical implications

1.Azygos vein

2.What are the boundaries and Contents of Posterior Mediastinum

3.Arch of aorta

4.Internal Thoracic artery

5.Cervical and thoracic parts of oesophagus

6.Oesophagus – vertebral extent, constrictions, relations in the thoracic cavity and applied anatomy

1.Thoracic duct – origin, termination and areas of drainage

2.Superior mediastinum

3.Superior vena cava

4.Thoracic part of oesophagus

1.Tributaries of the azygos vein

2.T.S of superior mediastinum showing the arrangement of its contents

3.Vein crossing lateral to the arch of aota

4.Vertebral level of oesophageal opening in the diaphragm

5.Structures in thorax causing normal oesophageal constrictions

6.Two Developmental sources of arch of aorta

1.A: Internal thoracic artery can be used for coronary bypass surgery R: Internal thoracic artery is a branch of ascending aorta

• a) Both A and R are true and R is the reason for A
• b) Both A and R are true and R is not the reason for A
• c) A is correct but B is incorrect
• d) A is incorrect but R is correct

2.In addition to aorta, structures passing through the aortic opening of diaphragm are

• 1) Thoracic duct
• 2) Vagus nerve
• 3) Azygos vein
• 4) Hemiazygos vein
• a) 1, 2, 3
• b) 1, 2, 4
• c) 1, 3
• d) 2, 4

3.Which of the following statement/s is/are true about thoracic duct

• 1) It begins at the lower border of T12 vertebra
• 2) It has a beaded appearance due to the presence of numerous valves
• 3) It is about 25 cm in length
• 4) Injury to the thoracic part of the duct may cause chylothorax
• a) 1, 3
• b) 2, 3, 4
• c) 1, 2, 3
• d) 1, 2, 4