Measurements in Epidemiology

1.You are the medical officer of a Primary Health Centre. You have conducted a household survey to study the prevalence of hypertension among adults. It was observed that the prevalence is high and it is found more among the age group of 30-40 years. Obesity and sedentary lifestyle were the major risk factors identified in your study.

• a) What are the services available to these newly detected patients from PHC.
• b) What all measures you will take to prevent and control the prevalence

1.Incidence and prevalence of a disease

2.Malaria control strategy in areas where annual parasite incidence is more than two

1.Define incidence

2.Relationship between incidence and prevalence

3.Relative risk and attributable risk

4.Incidence and prevalence giving examples

5.Odds ratio and relative risk

1.An odds ratio of one indicates

• a) Protective effect
• b) High risk
• c) No association
• d) No inference can be made

2.Assertion: ABER (Annual Blood Examination Rate) should be less than 5%

• Reason: API (Annual Parasite Incidence) depends on the number of blood slides screened for malaria parasite
• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A
• c) A is true, R is false
• d) A is false, R is true

3.Assertion: Prevalence is used as indicator of Morbidity

• Reason: Prevalence includes only new cases
• a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
• b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
• c) A is true but R is false
• d) A is false but R is true

4.The measure of risk in case control study is

• a) Odds ratio
• b) Relative risk
• c) Attributable risk
• d) Hazard ratio