Characteristics & Nomenclature

1.Define neoplasia. Discuss the differences between benign and malignant tumours. Mention the modes of spread of malignant tumours with examples

2.(a) Define neoplasia.

• a) Enumerate the four classes of normal regulatory genes, with one example each, that are the principal targets of genetic damage leading to carcinogenesis.
• b) Write a note on how viruses are implicated in carcinogenesis with examples.
• c) Tabulate the salient differences between benign and malignant tumors

3.A 35-year-old male presents with painless enlargement and heaviness of the right testis since 2 months. Ultrasound showed a hypoechoic and homogenous mass in the right testis

• a) What are the tumor markers that will help you in the diagnosis
• b) How are testicular tumors classified
• c) Describe the clinical features and gross and microscopic findings of any one testicular tumor

4.Classify tumors of the testis. Discuss the etiopathogenesis and describe the gross and microscopic picture of the most common malignant tumor of the testis

5.Classify breast tumors. Mention the risk factors and pathogenesis of breast cancer. Describe the gross and microscopic features of infiltrating duct carcinoma

6.Classify tumors of the kidney. Discuss the gross and microscopy of the most common renal tumor in adults

1.Define neoplasia. Discuss chemical carcinogenesis

2.Germ cell tumors of testis

3.Trophoblastic tumors

1.Role of P53 in gene in tumor suppression

2.Outline the differences between benign and malignant tumors

3.Phyllodes tumor

4.Discuss differences between benign and malignant neoplasms

5.Germ cell tumours of Ovary

6.Cervical intra epithelial neoplasia

7.Diagnostic IHC makers of any four tumors

8.Ovarian stromal tumors

9.Malignant tumors of bone

10.Differentiation and anaplasia

11.Benign tumors of bone

12.Modes of spread of malignant tumors with suitable examples

13.Wilm’s tumor

1.Classify surface epithelial tumours of ovary

2.Classify germ cell tumors of ovary

3.Name an oncogenic virus and the tumour caused by it

4.Name the grading system for prostatic carcinoma

5.Name the tumor marker produced by hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumors

6.Name two germ cell tumors

7.Name two neoplasms of the adrenal gland

8.Name two tumours seen mainly in infancy and childhood

9.What is Flexner – Wintersteiner Rosette

10.Name the tumors associated with psammoma bodies

11.What is meant by Krukenberg tumor

12.Mention two tumor suppressor genes

13.List two tumors caused by Epstein-Barr-virus

14.Enumerate four thyroid neoplasms

15.Warthin tumor

1.(A) Intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma present as polypoid bulky tumour (R) E-cadherin expression is lost in intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma

• a) Both A & R are correct and R is the reason for A
• b) Both A & R are correct but R is not reason for A
• c) A is correct R is incorrect
• d) A is incorrect R is correct

2.All are true about malignant melanoma EXCEPT

• a) It has radial and vertical growth phase
• b) Spontaneous regression of primary tumour may occur
• c) Metastatic deposits show black colour
• d) Peripheral palisading of tumour cell Nests are seen in microscopic sections

3.Microscopy of this lesion will show all EXCEPT

• a) Tumour cells forming tubules and irregular sheets
• b) Nuclear pleomorphism and numerous mitosis
• c) Malignant cells separated by dense fibrous stroma
• d) Ducts lined by epithelial and myoepithelial cells and stroma proliferating circumferentially

4.Krukenberg tumour of the ovary is an example of

• a) Hematogenous spread
• b) Lymphatic spread
• c) Transceloemic spread
• d) Perineural spread